Category: Nature

A group from Department for Sustainable Food Process, CRAST Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy, etc. has reported about investigation of Trichoderma-mediated impact of heat, drought, and their combined stress on Arabidopsis thaliana, considering physiological responses, molecular implications at metabolome level, as well as the root and rhizosphere bacterial microbiota.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484583/#B19

Plants treated with Trichodelma spp. were characterized by an increment of the fresh biomass even during drought and heat stress, suggesting that the increase in fresh weight observed was mainly due to an accumulation of water inside plant tissues.

The inoculation with Trichoderma spp. leaded to increased production of N-containing metabolites (including alkaloids and polyamines), phenylpropanoids, phytoalexins, tarpens, glucosinolates. It was also found that phytoholmons such as auxin-related substances (i.e., indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and indole-3-ethanol), small peptides, and volatile organic compounds are upregulated by the inoculation with Trichoderma. And also, the soil microbiomes shifted in abundance and composition in response to environmental factors and Trichoderma treatments. Proteobacteria were the most predominant in roots and soil, on average, 89.6% of roots and 59.4 % of soil. Besides Proteobacteria in soil samples, one of the most abundant phyla were Bacteroides and Actinobacteroides.

They concluded that a holobiont approach, in other words, an multi-omics approach, is needed to understand the coordinated and complex dynamic interactions between the plant and its rhizosphere bacteria.

A group from Department of Cardiac and Pan-Vascular Diseases, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Xi’an, China, etc. has reported about changes in glycosylation of mitochondrial proteins due to Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury using lectin microarrays.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439394/

Myocardial I/R injury seriously affects the recovery of the cardiac structure and function after cardiac surgery. I/R injury is a major obstacle in current clinical treatment, and its harm cannot be ignored. During severe myocardial ischaemia, the metabolism of myocardial cells is dominated by anaerobic glycolysis, which will cause the accumulation of acidic products and the depletion of ATP. After reperfusion, reactive oxygen species accumulation and Ca2+ overload are induced, leading to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) which further leads to the disruption of the electron transport chain and the reduction of ATP production. As mPTP opens, matrix proteins and mitochondrial DNA are released into the cytoplasm. This process disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, leading to increased ATP consumption. Ca2+ overload and increased production of oxygen radicals will further activate inflammation and thrombosis, causing disruption of mitochondrial respiration, matrix swelling and mitochondrial membrane rupture, which leads to mitochondrial damage and cell death.

In this study, changes in glycosylation of mitochondrial proteins due to Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury:I/RI were investigated by using lectin microarrays, and it was found that the expression of glycan structures recognized by LTL and SNA were significantly increased and the expression of glycan structures recognized by ECA were decreased with ischaemia for 45 min. Further analysis showed that the Siaα2-6Gal/GalNAc structure recognized by SNA were significantly increased.

A group from Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, etc. has reported about aberrant glycosylation observed in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10348014/

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disorder and is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of the parenchyma and the presence of antibodies specific to thyroid antigens.
In this study, a total of 53 serum samples collected from 27 patients with HT and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were used for lectin microarray analysis, and it was found that the majority of the lectin binding signals in HT group were weakened compared with the HC group, while the Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) binding signal was increased.

Mx thinks that the quality of lectin microarrays used was not GOOD enough.

A group from Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, etc. has reported that KLF12/Gal-1 axis may serve as a novel cancer therapeutic target for patients with immunotherapy resistance.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10432659/

In this study, it was demonstrated that the decline in KLF12 in tumor cells is an important mechanism for immune escape, leading to resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Mechanistically, KLF12 could directly bind to the promoter region of Gal-1 and inhibit its expression, and thereby promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment and kills tumore cells.

Continued research into the mechanisms of action of KLF12 and a new combination immunotherapy for circumventing drug resistance may provide more effective treatment options for patients with cancer.

A group from Institute for Water Research and Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain, etc. has reported that methanotrophic bacteria can reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promote plant growth at the same time.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10347144/

Although carbon dioxide (CO2) receives the most attention as a global warming factor, there are other gases to consider, for instance methane (CH4). It is thought that methane is the cause of at least one-fourth of the current gross warming. Atmospheric concentrations of methane are rising rapidly, principally due to anthropogenic contributions, with wastewater treatment facilities, landfills, and livestock considered to be the key producers. The removal of atmospheric methane is needed to offset the steady release of methane, thereby limiting the contribution of this potent greenhouse gas to climate change.

This paper explores the potential of methanotrophic bacteria as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to save plants from droughts and also to reduce greenhouse gas, methain, at the same time. Since methane oxidation leads to water production as a byproduct (i.e., CH4 + O2 = [CH2O] + H2O), it was thought that methane-consuming microbes produce water intracellularly and are capable of surviving with a limited external water supply, releasing excess water into its environment.
Actually, the highest values of relative humidity in vermiculite used as a soil were detected in some methanotrophic innoculated samples, with values of 72.29 ~ 62.26%. It is noteworthy that in the absence of methane, its relative humidity was drastically reduced by almost half. These results suggest that the methanotrophic bacteria could efficiently preserve water using methane-derived metabolic water. And interestingly, the PGPR effect was maximized with the same methanotrophic bacteria, which can help water preservation, at the same time.

A group from USDA Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA, etc. has reported that pre- and probiotics are not sufficient for protection from Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in an exclusively formula-based diet.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10255242/

NEC is the leading cause of death resulting from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants, with a mortality rate of 15–40%. It was found about intestinal bacteria that (1)Escherichia-Shigella is Significantly more abundant in healthy piglets and negatively correlates with disease severity, (2) Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Enterococcus are significantly more abundant in the colon of diseased piglets and correlates with disease severity (see below).

Although dietary probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (BL. infantis) and sialylactose (3′SL) supplementation had no effect, donor human milk (DHM) significantly reduced the incidence of NEC.