{"id":4466,"date":"2021-07-01T10:16:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T01:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/?p=4450"},"modified":"2021-07-01T10:18:56","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T01:18:56","slug":"sars-cov-2-spike-is-a-key-inducing-proinflammatory-response-of-macrophages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/en\/sars-cov-2-spike-is-a-key-inducing-proinflammatory-response-of-macrophages\/","title":{"rendered":"SARS-CoV-2 Spike is a key inducing proinflammatory response of macrophages\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A group from  Washington State University, USA, etc. has reported that SARS-CoV-2 Spike is a key inducing proinflammatory response of macrophages.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8219098\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8219098\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Virus replication and release of infectious progeny was determined by TCID<sub>50<\/sub> assay in supernatants from SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells and THP-1 human-derived macrophage-like cells as shown below. While THP-1 macrophages did not support productive SARS-CoV-2 replication, Vero E6 cells effectively replicated SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/THP-1_TCID50_SARS-CoV-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/THP-1_TCID50_SARS-CoV-2-300x253.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/THP-1_TCID50_SARS-CoV-2-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/THP-1_TCID50_SARS-CoV-2.png 483w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To clarify the role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike in proinflammatory responses in macrophages, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1, CXCL10 and IFN-\u03b3 and the antiviral cytokine IFN-\u03b2 were evaluated with using THP-1.  While Spike did not induce gene expression of antiviral IFN-\u03b2 or IFN-\u03b3 in THP-1 macrophages, expression of proinflammatory TNF-\u03b1 and CXCL10 was upregulated. TNF-\u03b1 was upregulated by 30-fold at 4h post treatment with Spike (p < 0.05) and remained upregulated by two-fold at 16h post treatment. CXCL10 expression was consistently upregulated by 3 to 8-fold in THP-1 macrophages exposed to Spike up to 16h post treatment (p<0.05).\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A group from Washington State University, USA, etc. has reported that SARS-CoV-2 Spike is a key inducing proin<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"blog-btn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/en\/sars-cov-2-spike-is-a-key-inducing-proinflammatory-response-of-macrophages\/\" class=\"home-blog-btn\">\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nature-en"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4466"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4468,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4466\/revisions\/4468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}