{"id":4060,"date":"2021-06-06T15:36:01","date_gmt":"2021-06-06T06:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/?p=4051"},"modified":"2021-06-06T15:40:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-06T06:40:00","slug":"characteristics-of-cytokine-storms-caused-by-highly-pathogenic-virus-infections-including-sars-cov-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/en\/characteristics-of-cytokine-storms-caused-by-highly-pathogenic-virus-infections-including-sars-cov-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Characteristics of cytokine storms caused by\u00a0highly pathogenic virus infections including SARS-CoV-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Highly pathogenic virus infections usually trigger cytokine storms, which may have adverse effects on vital organs and result in high mortalities.<br \/>\nSichuan Agricultural University, China has investigated characteristics of cytokine storms caused by the following viruses: three coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2), three influenza viruses (2009H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9), Ebola virus, HIV, dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, HBV, HCV, and enterovirus, and has found three characteristics in the cytokine storms.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.659419\/full\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.659419\/full<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>IP-10, L-6, IL-8, and IL-17 Are the Most Increased Cytokines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Variations of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 Determine the Maximum Amplitude of All Cytokines<\/strong><br \/>\nThe two cytokines IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 play major roles in the generation and regulation of immune responses. Central in this respect are their mutually antagonistic functions. IFN-\u03b3 plays a key role in the inhibition of Th2-cell differentiation and Th1-cell stabilization; IL-4 promotes Th2-cell differentiation and stability and inhibits Th1-cell differentiation. The amplification factor should be the ratio of IFN-\u03b3 FC\/IL-4 FC (if IFN-\u03b3 FC\/IL-4 FC < 1, the amplification factor should be the ratio of IL-4 FC\/IFN-\u03b3 FC). Correlation between [IFN-\u03b3 FC \u00d7 (IFN-\u03b3 FC\/IL-4 FC) (if IFN-\u03b3 FC\/IL-4 FC > 1)] or [IFN-\u03b3 FC \u00d7 (IL-4 FC\/IFN-\u03b3 FC) (if IFN-\u03b3 FC\/IL-4 FC < 1)] and the max FC was calculated and a very high correlation coefficient R2 = 0.988 was obtained.\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/IFN-\u03b3_IL-4-formula.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/IFN-\u03b3_IL-4-formula-300x165.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"165\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/IFN-\u03b3_IL-4-formula-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/IFN-\u03b3_IL-4-formula.png 507w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>viral load is weakly positive-correlated with IFN-\u03b3 FC, and virus clearance rate is negatively correlated with IFN-\u03b3 FC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Virus_clearance-rate-and-Viral-load.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Virus_clearance-rate-and-Viral-load-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Virus_clearance-rate-and-Viral-load-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Virus_clearance-rate-and-Viral-load.png 461w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Highly pathogenic virus infections usually trigger cytokine storms, which may have adverse effects on vital or<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"blog-btn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/en\/characteristics-of-cytokine-storms-caused-by-highly-pathogenic-virus-infections-including-sars-cov-2\/\" class=\"home-blog-btn\">\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nature-en"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4060"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4062,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4060\/revisions\/4062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emukk.com\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}